BLUETOOTH
Introduction: Bluetooth is wireless networking technology, commonly used in cell phones.
Bluetooth is personal area network, it’s normally range is 10 m.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology stander for exchanging data over short distances.
History: Bluetooth first come in 1998, developed by, Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), which has more than 20,000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking.
Technical information
Bluetooth protocol stack
Main articles: Bluetooth stack and Bluetooth protocols
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth is defined as a layer protocol architecture consisting of core protocols, cable replacement protocols, telephony control protocols, and adopted protocols Mandatory protocols for all Bluetooth stacks are: LMP, L2CAP and SDP. In addition, devices that communicate with Bluetooth almost universally can use these protocols: HCI and RFCOMM.
LMP
The Link Management Protocol (LMP) is used for set-up and control of the radio link between two devices. Implemented on the controller.
L2CAP
The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) Used to multiplex multiple logical connections between two devices using different higher level protocols.
SDP
The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) allows a device to discover services offered by other devices, and their associated parameters. For example, when you use a mobile phone with a Bluetooth headset,
RFCOMM
Radio Frequency Communications (RFCOMM) is a cable replacement protocol used to generate a virtual serial data stream
BNEP
The Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol (BNEP) is used for transferring another protocol stack's data via an L2CAP channel. Its main purpose is the transmission of IP packets in the Personal Area Networking Profile. BNEP performs a similar function to SNAP in Wireless LAN.
AVCTP
The Audio/Video Control Transport Protocol (AVCTP) is used by the remote control profile to transfer AV/C commands over an L2CAP channel. The music control buttons on a stereo headset use this protocol to control the music player.
AVDTP
The Audio/Video Distribution Transport Protocol (AVDTP) is used by the advanced audio distribution profile to stream music to stereo headsets over an L2CAP channel. Intended to be used by video distribution profile in the Bluetooth transmission.
TCS
The Telephony Control Protocol – Binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices. Additionally, "TCS BIN defines mobility management procedures for handling groups of Bluetooth TCS devices."
Setting up connections
Any Bluetooth device in discoverable mode will transmit the following information on demand:
 Device name
 Device class
 List of services
List of applications
A typical Bluetooth mobile phone headset.
 Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a hands free headset. This was one of the earliest applications to become popular.
 Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a Bluetooth compatible car stereo system.
 Wireless control of and communication with tablets and speakers such as pad and Android devices.
 Wireless Bluetooth headset and Intercom. Idiomatically, a headset is sometimes called "a Bluetooth".
 Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required.
 Wireless communication with PC input and output devices, the most common being the mouse, keyboard and printer.
 Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointments, and reminders between devices with OBEX.
 Replacement of previous wired RS-232 serial communications in test equipment, GPS receivers, medical equipment, bar code scanners, and traffic control devices.
 For controls where infrared was often used.
 For low bandwidth applications where higher USB bandwidth is not required and cable-free connection desired.
 Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth-enabled advertising hoardings to other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices.[24]
 Wireless bridge between two Industrial Ethernet (e.g., PROFINET) networks.
 Three seventh and eighth generation game consoles, Nintendo's Wii.[25] and Sony's PlayStation 3, use Bluetooth for their respective wireless controllers.
 Dial-up internet access on personal computers or PDAs using a data-capable mobile phone as a wireless modem.
 Short range transmission of health sensor data from medical devices to mobile phone, set-top box or dedicated tale health devices.[26]
 Allowing a DECT phone to ring and answer calls on behalf of a nearby mobile phone.
 Real-time location systems (RTLS), are used to track and identify the location of objects in real-time using “Nodes” or “tags” attached to, or embedded in the objects tracked, and “Readers” that receive and process the wireless signals from these tags to determine their locations
 Personal security application on mobile phones for prevention of theft or loss of items. The protected item has a Bluetooth marker (e.g., a tag)
that is in constant communication with the phone. If the connection is broken (the marker is out of range of the phone) then an alarm is raised. This can also be used as a man overboard alarm. A product using this technology has been available since 2009.
 Calgary, Alberta, Canada's Roads Traffic division uses data collected from travelers' Bluetooth devices to predict travel times and road congestion for motorists.[
 Wireless transmission of audio, (a more reliable alternative to FM transmitters)
Some Bluetooth dives
o Wireless mouse & keyboard
o Wireless headphones
o Bluetooth in computer, laptop, camera, & cellphone.
o Handset
o Speakers etc.
References: Wikipedia The free encyclopedia